Strategies For The Incrasing Amount Of Ell Students Education Essay Free Essays

string(78) is given in a flash after put to deathing an impossible to miss securing activity. States like the US and other created states are described by monstrous segment adjustments something that has lead to high figure of English Language researchers. For case, surveies demonstrate the figure of English Language Learners ( ELLs ) understudies in the US is expanding each twelvemonth. Of to stress is that, these students every now and again perform sick in different themes ; something that has been ascribed to their insufficiency of capability in English Language. We will compose a custom paper test on Techniques For The Incrasing Amount Of Ell Students Education Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This calls for use of instructional plans and develops by educators in learning ELLs students. This paper features basic instructional plans and builds that ought to be utilized in ELLs schoolrooms. Instructional Schemes for ELL schoolroom Surveies show that states like the US and other created states are sing massive segment adjustments ( Terrazas and Batalova, 2006 ) . This has in like manner expanded the figure of English Language Learners ( ELL ) understudies. Surveies by Terrazas andA Batalova ( 2008 ) demonstrate that the number of inhabitants in ELLs students in US schools is hugely expanding with their figure copying somewhere in the range of 1980s and 2006. Terrazas and Batalova farther demonstrate that the general figure of US understudies who are arranged as ELLs rose from 6.8 per centum to 10.3 per centum somewhere in the range of 1996 and 2006. Surveies have other than shown that ELLs students ordinarily score sick in different points. This reality has been ascribed to their lack of capability in English phonetic correspondence which makes it difficult for them to comprehend learning stuffs for different subjects ( Terrazas and Batalova, 2008 ) . Along these lines structure phonetic correspondence capability will be of abrogating criticalness in climbing by and large open introduction among ELLs students. Training ELL students is an unpredictable strategy that requires great characterized plans. Subsequently, this will require an instructor to incorporate various builds and plans. This paper will try to closer view the absolute most basic plans and builds that can be utilized by instructors in propelling capability of English etymological correspondence among ELLs understudies. Coming up next are basic plans that can be utilized in increasing obtaining and capability of English etymological correspondence among ELLs understudies: Understandable information This speculation was hypothesized by Krashen and puts complement on ‘input ‘ that causes etymological correspondence securing. This theory expresses that ; for second semantic correspondence securing to occur, the acquirer must have comprehendible contribution through hearing and perusing etymological correspondence structures that are over their current capacity ( Krashen, 1985 ) . The info hypothesis clarifies how the acquirer moves from their present degree ( spoke to by ( â€Å" I † ) of competency to the prompt after degree ( spoke to by â€Å" i+1 † ) . The fundamental status ( however non adequate ) for an acquirer to go from his present level of competency to the accompanying degree depends on understanding sources of info that contains â€Å" i+1 † . â€Å" Understanding † implies the acquirer is centered around the centrality and non the signifier of the message ( Krashen, 1982 ) . In this way fitting to the comprehendible theory, it is basic for the acquirer non to have inputs that outperform their level of competency. Consequently for solid English etymological correspondence procurement to take topographic point, the acquirer must have comprehendible sources of info that are questioning bounty to better their lingual capability. Consequently this speculation puts complement on the interest to occupied the schoolroom with procurement exercises or endeavors rather than larning exercises or linguistic developments. This proposes instructors can work their students better in English etymological correspondence exercises among ELLs understudies by introducing arranged obtaining endeavors in schoolrooms ( Ellis, 1997 ) . This theory other than proposes that the acquirer must non be compelled to go on and on right on time. It is necessitated that specific proportion of comprehendible information be fabricated first before the acquirer is permitted to talk in schoolroom. Blending to Krashen ( 1982 ) , most second phonetic correspondence students will go through a stage alluded to as â€Å" soundless period † during which the researchers progressively get and develop sufficient comprehendible information sources that will be basic in helping them make their ain developments. In this way etymological correspondence procurement happens when the acquirer feels prepared ( in the wake of being presented to enough â€Å" i+1 † comprehendible data sources ) ( Krashen, 1982 ) . Blending to comprehendible information hypothesis, when acquirers get second etymological correspondence inputs that are one measure over their present competency, they can better and enter â€Å" a characteristic request † . This can be made conceivable with the guide of extra-semantic or setting data. This implies the acquirers must use more that their cognizance, lingual competency, setting about the universe in understanding etymological correspondence that contains developments that are past their current level of competency ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) . Hence the capacity of ELLs educators is to ensure that understudies are given bounty comprehendible information sources each piece much as could reasonably be expected. Blending to this speculation, comprehendible sources of info are portrayed by the undermentioned components: intriguing and important, comprehendible, adequate ( â€Å" i+1 † ) and non syntactically sequenced ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) . On-going, explicit, and quick input One of the instructional plans that can be utilized to ensure English researchers become capable in the semantic correspondence is ‘enhancing extraordinary or changing criticisms ‘ . This plan expects educators to dissect the substance of their understudies ‘ reaction. Input can either be verbal or non-verbal and is a basic segment of indicating cognizance of the stuffs introduced to them either verbally or in a non-verbal mode ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) . Input will help the educators in investigating if students have grasped or on the off chance that they are sing semantic correspondence obstructions. Thusly it is basic for English educators to be in a spot to isolate among negative and positive criticisms which happen when understudies misjudge or neglect to grok stuffs introduced to them. Regularly in a classification of ELLs, students will give a negative criticism any place they are sing semantic correspondence boundaries. Consequently the capacity that the instructor should play in this example is to interfere with these obstructions. The kind of input will change contingent upon the level of second phonetic correspondence procurement and formative degree the students work at ( Ellis, 1997 ) . Quick input is one of the most effective kinds of criticism which is given in a flash after put to deathing an impossible to miss procurement movement. You read Techniques For The Incrasing Amount Of Ell Students Education Essay in classification Article models This kind of criticism is vital in developing imparting achievements and in building affirmation between the juvenile researchers and the instructor. Youthful researchers should be sure that what they are larning is correct or amiss with no hold. This is on the grounds that they do non forces bounty comprehension to do their decisions sing their degrees of capability. At the point when a researcher gives an answer that isn't right, the instructor has the obligation of providing a disciplinary input which will take to correct and autonomous anxiety of stuffs. Along these lines orchestrating to this plan, juvenile researchers are bound to be fruitful with word decision and jargon. Youthful researchers at an early creation stage will benefit from criticism that form right etymological correspondence procurement. This implies these researchers will require changing entirety of tuning in and amendment to right shaped semantic correspondence ( Hill A ; Flynn, 2006 ) . Progressing criticism applies to more established researchers who are in a spot to quantify their evaluation of capability in phonetic correspondence. Other than fitting to Hill and Flynn ( 2006 ) , researchers who are at middle of the road and propelled degrees of expressiveness capability require explicit criticism. This criticism will in general be like that of ‘Native-English ‘ talkers. Understudies at this degree will require more prominent introduction to modern hypothetical records of second etymological correspondence. They ought to other than be supported header with builds that current a few difficulties to them. Other than fitting to this instructional plan, more highlight ought to be put on the substance rather than the signifier of take a gander at this degree. Synergistic exercises can help with guaranting explicit input by developing sense of self affirmation what's more elevating the level of comprehension ( Hill A ; Flynn, 2006 ) . Gathering developments and procedures Fitting to McLaughlin ( 1987 ) , this strategy requires instructors for ELLs to set more complement on strategies of increasing connection through actualizing bunch developments while introducing instructional plans. The main gathering strategy that will ensure ELLs students are roused and usefully support is to assemble them with their equivalents who are ‘Native-English ‘ talkers. This will offer the researchers a chance to recognize the level of phonetic correspondence capability they should take at furthermore to hold a chance of developing on their ain etymological correspondence achievements. Another signifier of collection orchestrating to Lessow-Hurley is making little gathering

British Culture free essay sample

Another reality is that it is incredibly uncommon for individuals to commission the structure of their homes. This mentality is predominant to the point, that it prompts an unusual methodology towards house costs. Falling costs (regularly something worth being thankful for) imply that individuals can't stand to sell their home. Singularity and similarity Individuality: individuals like to pick the shade of their own front entryway. That’s another motivation behind why pads aren’t well known. Singular self-articulation is another bit of leeway of a front nursery. Most houses are work by associations, who manufacture entire lanes in a single time, regularly with a similar structure. The houses are extraordinary, notwithstanding, the inhabitants will ensure that. Insides: the significance of comfort British houses have gained notoriety for being the coldest in Europe. This notoriety is misrepresented and is the aftereffect of the way that houses in Britain are more established than in different nations. Subsequently, they are not all around secluded. Thought of residential solace: to make a climate which appears to be warm, regardless of whether it isn’t truly warm. This longing as a rule has a need over stylish concerns, which clarifies why British individuals have such a terrible taste. Convention is a piece of cosines, and this can be proposed by being encircled by old things of furniture. Most more seasoned houses have two general lounge rooms, or have a lobby to go through before getting in the front room. Claiming and leasing British individuals are not substance to lease their convenience. Any place they will be, they like to put down roots. The craving to possess where you live is practically all inclusive in Britain. Individuals are glad to take out home loans since house costs typically increment somewhat quicker than the general average cost for basic items. Subsequently, a great many people can make a benefit when they sell they house. It was uniquely toward the finish of the twentieth century that everyone needed to claim their home. Before that individuals leased their convenience. The aspiration to possess was made simpler by approaches of duty help. The absolute intrigue which individuals paid on their home loan could be deducted from the personal expense they needed to pay and individuals selling their homes didn't need to pay capital additions charge on any benefit. During the 1980s the way of thinking of Thatcherism (Margaret Thatcher) was the possibility of the ‘property claiming democracy’. Chamber inhabitants were permitted to purchase their gathering houses and were given money related motivations to do as such. Vagrancy In 1993 it was assessed that there were a large portion of a million vagrants in Britain. The gracefully of gathering lodging is restricted, and has diminished since the 1980s on account of the offer of chamber houses and the absence of cash accessible for building new ones. In the mid 1990s numerous individuals lost their positions in the downturn thus couldn't longer bear the cost of the month to month contract installments. Most destitute families are given brief settlement in lodgings by their neighborhood gathering. Vagrants can likewise discover cover in inns for the destitute run by beneficent associations or basically living in the city. Taking care of the issue of vagrancy is definitely not a political need for the British government, mostly on the grounds that the degree of open attention to the circumstance is low. Part 20 Food and drink Britain and great food are two things which are not normally related British tastes are not the same as everyone else’s. Most regular protest is that British food has little taste by any means. Most guests eat in a foundation or ‘eat out’ al part. This isn't were acceptable food can be found. Run of the mill home cooking (which is acceptable) sometimes falls short for the bigger scope creation. Perspectives to food However, these are just incomplete reasons. The quality is lower than in different nations, since British individuals essentially enough don’t care to trouble. Individuals simply need to eat up rapidly and don’t care if their cheeseburger is scrumptious. Individuals get awful espresso since they need caffeine, not on the grounds that they need espresso. Indeed, even at home, food and drink is given generally little consideration. For instance, if a British individual needs to have a grill, they like the air, not really the food. At the point when the British do focus on food, it is most regularly not to welcome it however to see what they don’t like about it. English individuals have for the most part been urban, and perhaps that’s why the scope of plants and creatures they will eat is somewhat thin. At the point when British individuals need to allude to different nations insultingly, they regularly suggest their peculiar dietary patterns. While the British are preservationist about their fixings, they are not, at this point moderate about the manner in which it is served. For instance, during the 1960s British travelers demanded their Fish and Chips served on a British paper. Eating out Although it is far less uncommon than it used to be, setting off to an eatery is as yet a nearly uncommon occasion for most British individuals. Cafés are for the most extravagant and related with grandiosity. Being in an extensive eatery is a higher priority than the food eaten in it. The menus are another statement of snootiness. Practically all the dishes are not from the English language (generally French), since it makes the food progressively extraordinary and energizing. In 1991 the legislature proposed that menus should give subtleties of fixings in dishes, driving the eateries cooks to be absurd. Parting with the subtleties would remove the fun from eating. Eating places which serve British food are utilized distinctly for progressively ordinary. Bars. ‘Workman’s cafe’: utilized during the day, for the most part by manual laborers. Fish-and-chip shop: utilized at night for ‘take-away’ dinners. Inexpensive food outlets are more typical in Britain than in some other nation, in light of the fact that there is no class affiliation. All classes can feel good in them. Liquor The disposition of liquor in Britain is irresolute. From one perspective; it is acknowledged. ‘The local’: the closest bar. ‘Regulars’: individuals who visit them regularly. Indeed, even a specific degree of intoxication is acknowledged, on the off chance that it doesn’t lead to brutality. Then again; the puritan custom has driven the broad conviction that drinking is something conceivably hazardous. No drinking under 18 (most customary consumers don’t even give a large portion of a glass of brew to minors). No kid under 14 permitted in a bar. Most bistros are not permitted to serve lager. The diminishing of this negative disposition to liquor has been adjusted by expanding worries about its effect on wellbeing and security. Bars (short for ‘public house’) Without bars, Britain would be a less agreeable nation. The normal individual can serenely meet others. Like in drive-thru eateries, bars are boorish. Bars have become somewhat less unmistakable over the most recent couple of decades to broaden their allure. In any case, bars have held their extraordinary character. For instance, no server administration. In the event that you need a beverage, you need to proceed to ask at the bar. This gives a ‘home from home’ climate. With a server people feel they need to carry on at their best and don’t feel good. Another outstanding part of bars is their intrigue to the possibility of convention. Bars have their own name The individual who runs the bar is known as a ‘landlord’ (while in certainty he truly is an inhabitant. He is essentially utilized by the distillery as its administrator). The word is utilized in light of the fact that it brings out prior occasions when all bars were exclusive ‘inns’ where explorers could discover a bed for the evening. P art 21 Sport and rivalry There is a decent possibility your preferred game was first played in Britain, or that its first current principles were classified there. The idea of reasonable play is about both composed and unwritten (don’t be a cheat and be a decent failure) rules. A national energy Sports likely has a more significant influence in British people’s lives than in most different nations, as it is the principle type of amusement for an exceptionally huge number of individuals; partaking or being an observer. The British are truly outstanding on the planet an enormous number of unexpected games in comparison to some other nation. The British are so partial to rivalry that they even bring it into the nursery. Neighbors enjoy

Schizophrenia Treatment Medication, Therapy, and More

Schizophrenia Treatment Medication, Therapy, and More Schizophrenia Print How Schizophrenia Is Treated By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Medications Psychotherapy Invasive Procedures Complementary & Alternative Medicine Where to Find Treatment View All If you have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, you might be wondering what to do next. The great news is that there are a variety of treatment options available. An important part of this journey is to explore your options and begin treatment quickly after diagnosis. This can help get your healing and management process going sooner than later, bringing you a sense of direction and relief. Verywell / Cindy Chung   Medications Antipsychotic medications reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, usually allowing a person to function more effectively and appropriately. The first generation of antipsychotic medications, known as typical antipsychotics, were introduced in the 1950s to treat psychosis.?? Antipsychotic drugs are the best treatment for schizophrenia right now, but they dont cure schizophrenia or ensure that there will be no further psychotic episodes. Dosages The choice and dosage of medication can be made only by a qualified physician who is well trained in the medical treatment of mental disorders. The dosage of medication is individualized for each patient, since people may vary a great deal in the amount of drug needed to reduce symptoms without producing troublesome side effects. It is important to be patient with yourself and your providers as you learn what works well for your personalized treatment. Side Effects Antipsychotic drugs can have unwanted effects along with their beneficial effects. Typical antipsychotics, which include drugs like Haldol and Thorazine, are known to increase the risk of extrapyramidal side effects, which affect movement and speech.?? Side effects of antipsychotic medications include: DrowsinessRestlessnessMuscle spasmsTremorDry mouthBlurred vision Most of these symptoms can be corrected by lowering the dosage or controlled by other medications. Different patients have different treatment responses and side effects to various antipsychotic drugs. Talk with your doctor about your experiences at each visit so they can better understand your responses to medications and make adjustments to help. Atypical Antipsychotics A number of new antipsychotic drugs (the so-called atypical antipsychotics) have been introduced since 1990. The first, clozapine (Clozaril), has been shown to be more effective than other antipsychotics, although the possibility of severe side effects requires that patients be monitored with blood tests every one or two weeks. After a year of stable white blood counts, blood can be drawn monthly.?? The newer antipsychotic drugs are safer regarding tardive dyskinesia (TD) â€" an involuntary movement disorder â€" but many of the atypical drugs are more likely to contribute to metabolic side effects such as weight gain, increased glucose and lipids. Atypical antipsychotics include the following: INVEGA (paliperidone): This option is available in three different formulationsâ€"an extended-release tablet and long-acting injectables (INVEGA SUSTENNA and INVEGA TRINZA)Risperdal (risperidone)Abilify (aripiprazole)Seroquel (quetiapine)Zyprexa (olanzapine) Concerns About Medication Patients and families sometimes become worried about the antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia. In addition to concern about side effects, they may worry that such drugs could lead to addiction. Antipsychotic medications do not produce a high and are not habit-forming, nor do they lead to addictive behavior in people who take them. Another misconception about antipsychotic drugs is that they act as a kind of mind control  or a chemical straitjacket. Antipsychotic drugs used in the appropriate way do not knock out people or take away their free will. Compliance Making sure that you are taking your medications consistently can be referred to as medication compliance.?? As easy as it may sound to take medication regularly as scheduled, medication compliance is often one of the largest challenges of long-term treatment for schizophrenia. Because of these challenges, new treatment options have become available that help make it easier for people to take their medications as prescribed. Long-acting injectables (LAI) are given to patients through and injection.?? These injections can be given every few weeks to few months, which help people experience more consistent, long-term, symptom relief. Psychotherapy Therapy is an important part of treatment for schizophrenia. Often you will find that mental health professionals work closely with psychiatrists to help make sure treatment methods are effective. For example, when someones medication is working effectively, they are often better able to discuss and process during their therapy sessions. Individual Therapy One of the most researched models of therapy used in the treatment of schizophrenia is cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. This model of psychotherapy addresses the connection between thoughts and behaviors, helping people to learn more about how negative patterns of thought about themselves and the world influence their decision making. Since insights like this are not often present in those with schizophrenia, cognitive behavioral therapy can help clients gain a greater sense of empowerment in regulating their emotions and behaviors. Speaking openly and honestly with your doctor is a great first step in understanding and ultimately managing your symptoms. Schizophrenia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Family Therapy Unfortunately, family members are often uninformed about what the condition is and how to help a loved one through the treatment process. Family therapy can be a key component of the treatment process, since it can offer space for healing of family dynamics that may have been impacted by the condition. That time can also be used for gathering information about schizophrenia, how to navigate challenges together and how to better express and meet needs of all involved. Group Therapy Support from peers can be a wonderful addition to the treatment process. Group therapy is space that allows people to safely share their experiences with schizophrenia, the challenges they are facing and what seems to be helping. Sharing information and feedback helps to remove a sense of isolation that can often be experienced. They can also create meaningful connections with peers, learning how to develop and maintain relationships along the way. Social Skills Training Because they experience psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations, it can feel unclear to the person what is real and what isnt. That same uncertainty can be felt with interpersonal relationships as well, creating unhealthy dynamics between themselves and others. Learning the building blocks of relationships can help people better navigate interpersonal dynamics in their family lives, their social circles and possibly even in work settings. How to Find the Best Therapist for Your Mental Health Invasive Procedures When existing treatment methods dont seem to be working effectively to help control symptoms, your doctor may suggest a procedure called deep brain stimulation. This is considered an invasive procedure because it involves surgery for the placement of neurostimulator. Electrical impulses are then able to be administered to certain parts of the brain through wired in that device that can help control symptoms without causing damage. Complementary Alternative Medicine Animal Assisted Therapy As with other conditions, animal assisted therapy (AAT) can help ease and manage some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Anhedonia, which refers to not experiencing joy or pleasure, is a common symptom of schizophrenia.?? Research has found that, in trials using animal assisted therapy as part of treatment, patients rated higher levels of pleasurable feelings than those who did not participate in the animal assisted treatment group. Dietary Supplements Some nutritional supplements have been found to have a positive impact on symptoms experienced with schizophrenia. Although there are many factors continuing to be researched in this area, some of the vitamins and nutritional supplements that have been shown promising in the treatment protocol for schizophrenia have included things like: Vitamin BOmega-3 fatty acidsAmino acidsMelatoninAntioxidants It is important to note that, although the use of these supplements have shown promise in research, it is best to speak with your doctor before taking them to make sure you are not at risk for things like medication interactions or other things that could slow or stop your progress. CBD Oil Cannabidiol is an ingredient in the marijuana plant that has also shown promise in managing symptoms of schizophrenia. Some people may be worried that they will experience a high using CBD oil as you would smoking marijuana, but this is not true. The ingredient that would make you feel high and have that psychoactive component is called tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. THC is removed from CBD oil so you may experience relief from symptoms without worries about being in an altered state. Where to Find Treatment If you experience symptoms of schizophrenia it is best to speak with your doctor. They may want to do blood work and run tests to make sure the symptoms are not being caused by another medical condition. From there you can meet with a psychiatrist or other qualified mental health practitioner to discuss what you are experiencing. Keep in mind that you may need to be evaluated extensively to make sure that the diagnosis is accurate. This evaluation process involves meeting with you to talk about your experiences, as well as meeting with a spouse or other family members to gather collateral information. Find Help With One of the Best Online Therapy Programs Levels of Care Treatment can involve outpatient, intensive outpatient or residential treatment programs. The level of care that is best for your situation will be determined by the personal conducting your evaluation. There are trained professionals who specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia at each level of care. If you are unsure of where to find treatment providers, it is best to start by asking your doctor for local or regional referral options. A Word From Verywell It is important to be patient with yourself and your treatment team during this process. As much as we want the symptoms to subside, everyone has a different experience of what treatment methods work well for them and what doesnt seem to work well. Part of your treatment journey will be to explore and discover the methods that work best for you and your symptoms. Being compliant with your treatment plan is important for overall success. This means doing things like: Taking medication consistentlyAttending your appointments regularlyActively participating in counseling and group therapyLetting your doctor know what you are experiencingAsking your support group for help if neededBeing patient with yourself and your providersReminding yourself that this is a journey Even if the path feels challenging, remember there are plenty of things you can do to help the process go more smoothly. The main thing is to be patient and talk with your doctor about your experiences. They need to understand your symptoms in order to help develop a treatment plan that works well for you. Coping With Schizophrenia

Improving The Retention Rate Of South Nigeria - 1424 Words

Introduction One of the millennium development goals set by the United Nations is for all nations to achieve universal primary education. Many developing nations like Nigeria are working to ensure that the children and youth of their countries have access to free and compulsory primary education in an effort to educate the masses. Though Nigeria is making strides and improving the retention rates of its students, it still has the highest number of children out of school in the world. In Nigeria alone, more than 10.5 million students are out of school, the majority of them in northern Nigeria, and are mostly girls (Moser, 2014). Northern Nigeria is a predominately Islamic, rural, and vastly underdeveloped part of the country when†¦show more content†¦This part of the program functioned by rewarding a family with a 25 USD goat if a girl is able to complete school because she was not married away during the school year. (Erulkar Muthengi, 2009). The goat serves as an incentive for poor f amilies to keep the girl in school, increasing retention rates of girls in school, and reducing the rate of child marriages. My hypothesis is that the creation and enforcement of a similar program in Northern Nigeria would increase school attendance and retention rates for girls in region. Existing research on this topic focuses primarily on the causes of the gap in enrollment and retention rate between boys and girls in northern Nigeria, but no found studies have tried to explore or test solutions to the problem of gender discrimination. The dependent variable in this experiment would be the level of gender discrimination; the enrollment and retention rates of girls and the independent variable would be the implementation of the program and the presence of the goat as an incentive. The unit of analysis used in this experiment would be the individuals, particularly the girls because they are being surveyed and observed. Though the decision to enter marriage in certain cultures is u ltimately up to the parents, the students will either be encouraged or discouraged from entering

Online Application For Online Applications Essay - 1248 Words

Online applications When you send a completed online application to us, we retain the information contained in that application. We are able to then use that information to provide any products and services that you require. You may also be able to suspend and save online applications, so you can complete and send the applications at a later time. If you suspend or save your application, the information that you have entered will be retained in our systems so that you may recover the information when you resume your application. Online applications that have been suspended or saved may be viewed by us. In particular, if you start but do not submit an online application, we can contact you using any of the contact details you have supplied to offer help completing it. Accurate information We take all reasonable precautions to ensure that the personal information we collect, use and disclose is accurate, complete and up-to-date. However, the accuracy of that information depends to a large extent on the information you or others provided to us. Update and access of personal information If you wish to make any changes to your personal information, please contact us. We will generally rely on you to assist us in informing us if the information we hold about you is inaccurate or incomplete. You may request access to the personal information we hold about you by contacting us. We will respond to your request within a reasonable period. We will give access in the manner youShow MoreRelatedOnline Job Application5311 Words   |  22 PagesINTRODUCTION Background of the study On online job application, there are thousand of websites where you can post your resume online in applying a job in an easy and convenience way. All Online job application is designed to screen people out and make possible to reach a goal in their life. Online job application is one way to make people easier their life in finding a job. 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Application Independent[1] Data: †¢ Terminal related data †¢ Transaction related data -Unique to terminal. -Shall have parameters initialised so that it can identify what language(s) supported to process the card’s language preference. 2. Application Dependent[2] Data: [Characteristic] - A terminal data shall be initialized in the terminal orRead MoreMcbride Financial Security Policy Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity of Phoenix CMGT/440 March 26, 2006 Online Loan Application/Application Service Provider Policy 1.0 Purpose This document is to describe the Information Security Teams requirements of Online Application Services and Application Service Providers that engage in business with McBride Financial Services. 2.0 Scope This policy applies to any use of Online Loan Applications (OLA) and any outsourcing to Application Service Providers (ASP) by McBride Financial Services

Washington’s Precedents Established Free Essays

Holding office from for a courageous eight years from 1789 to 1797, George Washington was one of the most significant presidents of all time. His other famous name is the â€Å"Founding Father† of the United States of America; He enforced the maximum amount of terms to two. When he promoted guidelines for the United States leader, his beliefs and visions were accepted as his guidelines have stayed over the years and some differed over the centuries such as the foreign policies and the political policies applied similarly. We will write a custom essay sample on Washington’s Precedents Established or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of Washington’s appliances have yet to differentiate from the past as they are still applied. Document A states two important factors: government power and its proper usage. The government utilizes its limited powers. Document A states †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦so many checks and efficacious restraints to prevent it from degenerating to any specious of oppression. † Washington acknowledges the facts that the government cannot corrupt the balance and checks system. Document D elaborates on the basis of the Embargo Act, which proved beneficial. The Embargo Act explains how taxation is a requirement for society, with all imports, exports, and shipping. Document D by President Thomas Jefferson states â€Å"undelegated powers its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force†. Jefferson believes that if the government will become more enforcing if they do not have the balance and checks system. They would have to do all that is necessary. If the government had enforced all necessities, there would have been no possibility for certain aspects of the political world There were many aspects that continue, as Washington would have wanted and some that didn’t. The process is handled today of the draft; Document G mentions the first concept of the topic. The draft is the sending of people to the military/army. Sometimes the draft was necessary especially if a war was to come about, but it somewhat belittled the freedom to a certain amount. One of the things that had gone wrong against Washington’s proposals is stated in Document I. Document I speaks about the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine basically states how The United States of America should not intervene with foreign battles and side with any European power. The Monroe Doctrine secures the United States because if the U. S would interfere, there is a possibility of battle that can evidently lead to war. Unfortunately history had repeated itself as the government decided to do what they feel and intervene in the Vietnam War (which really had nothing with the U. S. ). Some of the aspects Washington influenced have changed over the centuries. Document B states, â€Å"it is our policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world†, America, unfortunately, has formed relationships and alliance with European worlds. Document F shows how foreign connections can lead to betrayal or cruelty. The British had maintained the American ships and even violated some. All these foreign issues led to the War of 1812 between the British and the Americans. This settled the issues between America and Britain and fortunately settled possible future issues. â€Å"The baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. †, states Document B. In his Farewell Address, Washington believes if there are a separation and formation of different parties, new issues and corruption would occur. In reality, the formation of different parties promotes acceptance of new interrelated ideas. Washington proposed ideas that have been continued and have been overruled. He believed that the United States should separate from any European nation. He believed there should have been no formation of separate parties, which actually has changed over the centuries for positive reasons. Washington believed the government should be limited yet satisfied under the balances and checks system, and so they have been over the years. America has â€Å"repeated history† as they ignore the Monroe Doctrine by fighting with European Alliances. Washington was a smart man; his ideas were accepted, proposed, accepted, ignored and changed. How to cite Washington’s Precedents Established, Papers

The protection of consumer welfare

Introduction The protection of consumer welfare is a critical government initiative. There are notable economic challenges associated with low income families. Therefore, policymakers must consider the implementation of workable economic strategies. This is vital in creating price and demand equilibriums (Arnold 2010, pp. 10).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The protection of consumer welfare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a typical economy, various consumers depict diverse preferences for various goods. It is vital to comprehend how policies have implications on the prevalent market trends. It is necessary to analyze the consumer behavior and preferences within specific economies. This paper presents a practical approach to policy implication on the purchasing trend within the market. The paper applies a hypothetical approach, with the analysis of the preference trend of goods X and Z. The Household Prefere nces over the Two Goods with Similar Policy Implications on the Household Items In Terms Of the Utility and Level of Consumption of the Two Goods Convex indifference curves are extensively used in the analysis of economic policies. In this scenario, the assumptions on the hypothetical goods are indicated. Good X is measured along the horizontal axis. On the other hand, good Z is measured along the vertical axis of the convex curve. The two policy options can be analyzed from the convex curve. The concept of â€Å"diminishing marginal utility† dictates the nature of the convex curve to be applied in the analysis (Fakhrul Islam Jabbar 2010, pp. 26). In establishing the appropriate household preference for the two goods, the rule of â€Å"diminishing marginal utility† may be applicable. The first policy advocates for the provision of the household with a voucher. The voucher is exchangeable for a specific quantity of the good X. Observably, the second proposition advocat es for the offering a supplement based on the income. This is to be sufficiently applied in buying the good of similar amount.Advertising Looking for essay on consumer law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A normal household consumption preference is applicable for the realization of equal policy effect (Mceachern 2012, pp. 34). This relates to the utility and level of the consumption of the two goods. Given the two goods, X and Z, the household is able to define its preference. Consequently, the household can arrange these preferences in an order. In this context, the preferences remain complete. The policies provide an equal stance and significance. The graph below indicates the action of normal household preference necessary for the equal action of both policies. (From Gilbert 2004) The Household Preferences over the Two Goods with Potentially Different Policy Implications on the Household Items In Terms Of the Utility and Level of Consumption of the Two Goods To achieve this aim, the transitivity preference of the household is applicable. An important assumption can be drawn from this association. The disparity indicates that there is more preference for a particular good (Schotter 2009, PP. 45). Therefore, it can be deduced that if X is preferred to Z, it is true that the household has a spatial preference. The transitivity preference condition is eminent in this association. The disparities on the impact of these two policies emanates from the differences in preference for the two goods, X and Z. When the household depicts a higher level of preference for a particular good, the other is likely to be diminished. Alternatively, the less preferred good may be supplied in fewer quantities in the market. The law of â€Å"diminishing marginal utility† may be applicable in explaining the variances in customer preferences (Feldman Serrano 2006, pp. 46).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The protection of consumer welfare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, these have a potential impact on policy formulation. Policy makers recognize the importance of engaging public participation processes. There is a potential indication from a positive policy on the utility or consumption level of a specific good. The basic implication is that most consumers prefer to utilize goods that have most preferred qualities. It is assumed that the household may be satisfied with any policy advocating for a particular good or product. The graph below indicates the state of preference in which the consumers are better off. (From Gilbert 2004) Explanation of the Possibility of Occurrence of a Substitute Effect Associated With Either of the Above Policies Most markets are likely to experience a substitute effect. The impacts of substitute effects are always noticed in the demand of various goods. The effects of any transfo rmation within the price encourage the clients to choose a particular good. These clients are more likely to purchase a specific good. This trend may be due to its reduction in price. A consequent rise or increase in the price of goods is likely to cause a shift in the pattern of purchase (Mceachern 2009, pp. 59). There is bound to be an occurrence of a substitute effect within any market. Therefore, within any typical economy, the consumers are more likely to buy goods that retail at very low prices. The interaction of substitution and income effect may also play an important role in the development of substitution. The income of the household may shift. This is due to eminent economic factors within the entire market.Advertising Looking for essay on consumer law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basically, substitution effect refers to the transformation on the consumption trend. Substitution effect may entail the alteration in the utilization patterns. This occurs as a result of a change notable within relative prices of goods within the market. This trend can be noticed in the action of various customers or clients. This is always as a result of the eminent trends within the general market. There is an evident possibility of occurrence of a substitute for both of the products under context (Mceachern 2012, pp. 78). This can be due to several factors. There are several factors that might lead to the emergence of this pattern. In the present era, various elements play a significant role in consumer behavior and preference. Therefore, there is a high possibility of occurrence of a substitute effect. An Explanation Whether the Policies May Succeed At Both of the Goals Ideally, it is notable that these two policies are not likely to succeed at both of these goals. The competin g demand and supply are important factors within the general market. Ideally, there are many elements that determine the market equilibrium (Schotter 2009, PP. 71). It is imperative to note that the diverse factors associated with market patterns are critical. The variances observed in the household preference are critical. Particularly, this is in the determination of the success of the two policies. Market conditions within any economy are susceptible to both external and internal factors. These factors interact to alleviate the possibility of existence of a perfect market . Therefore, there is bound to be a state of disparity in the action of these two policies. The customer preferences are more likely to rule the market demand and supply trends. Apart from these, there are other external factors that may lead to the development of notable disparities. These include weather conditions, tastes, and prevailing fashion within a particular economy. Income is an important factor in th e determination of prevailing market trends. Generally, high or increased rate of income raises the demand schedule. Consequently, these have a positive impact on the level of supply. The equilibrium point denotes the critical point within any market. However, even in equilibrium states, customers have the capacity to identify themselves with trendy and valuable products. There are other approaches that might be applied. Introduction of new products with lower market prices is possible. This approach is likely to shift the focus of demand within the market (Mceachern 2012, pp. 112). Apart from this, there is a potential shift in the consumer interests within the general market. The introduction of the third good is likely to help in the shift in the basic centre of interest. The preference includes one of the vital factors that dictate the prevailing market conditions. The graph below indicates the likelihood of occurrence of a substitute effect between the two goods. Consequently, this has significant impact on the policies. (From Gilbert 2004) Calculation of the Firm’s Cost Minimizing Input Combination and the Corresponding Level of Minimum Cost It is supposed that the company is presently experiencing the conditions of a short-run. The firm also has a fixed level of K at 25 units. Therefore, the calculation of the firm’s minimizing input combination and the corresponding level of minimum cost is as follows: Production function = Q = K0.5L0.5 Q = K0.5L0.5  = (8 X 0.5) X (4 X 0.5)  = 2 X 4  = 8 Cost function TC = FC + VC FC = Q FC = K0.5 X L0.5 FC = 8 x 0.5 X 4 x 0.5  = 8 TC – 8 + 24  = 32 Cost minimization MC = MR (where MC represent marginal cost and MR represent marginal revenue) MC = change in TC/ change in Q TC = C X Q 25X4X8 = C X Q Q = 800 – C Q = (800 – C) C TC = 800C – C^2 MR = MC 800 – C^2 = 32 800 – 32 = 2C 768/2 = 2C/2 C = 384 (minimum cost) Q = 384 / 8  = 48 units (minimum u nits) Calculation of the Input Combination the Firm Will Use In The Long Run and the Corresponding Level of Minimum Cost Production function = Q = K0.5L0.5 Maximum units = 100 Labour cost =$ 8 Capital cost = $ 4 Total cost = 8Ãâ€"4 = 32 x 100 units  = $3200 Total produce under the cost function Q = K0.5 X L0.5  = 8 Minimum cost per unit = 3200/8  =$400 An Explanation Whether the Firm Can Experience Economies of Scale In The Long Run The firm may not experience superior economies of scale in the long run. Basically, this is due to the observable differences within the unit cost variations (Schotter 2009, PP. 115). Important lessons can be drawn from the various outcomes of the calculations. As shown, the minimum cost in the short run is $384. On the other hand, it is notable that the long run cost is $400. The obvious variances in these costs depict important lessons. Generally, there is an inferior match between the expenditure and the income. List of References Arnold, A 2 010, Economics, South-Western Cengage Learning, Australia. Fakhrul Islam, M Jabbar, A 2010, Consumer preferences and demand for livestock products in urban Bangladesh, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Feldman, M Serrano, R 2006, Welfare economics and social choice theory, Springer, New York, NY. Gilbert, S 200, Microeconomic Theory, viewed on http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~econ370/gilbert/notes/preferences.pdf Mceachern, A 2009, Microeconomics: a contemporary introduction, Thomson/South-Western, Mason, OH. Mceachern, A 2012, Economics: a contemporary introduction, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Schotter, A 2009, Microeconomics: a modern approach, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. This essay on The protection of consumer welfare was written and submitted by user Harry Osborn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Non-Governmental Organizations essays

Non-Governmental Organizations essays Non-Governmental Organizations are assembled to aid people that are otherwise incapable. They are established to better the lifestyle and the living conditions that our fellow humans endure. Third World Countries lack many necessities that are taken for granted in the United States. This paper gave me a better outlook on what actually goes on in other countries were survival is the main aspect of everyday life. The research that was involved with writing my paper was somewhat hard to come by. My main source of information was the internet, but I wanted to find a country that hadnt been publicized about their problems. I looked for a poor country, that isnt really known to the world as one of the poorest societies. I had trouble locating current information that I could find on Mozambique, but I did find history on the country and based my paper on that. I looked for current information about Mozambique, but the bulk of returned information was tourist related. Before I wrote this paper I had never known of a country named Mozambique, learning a little about their history and getting a general view of how Mozambicans live their lives was interesting to me. It was difficult finding a potential resolution to the problems in Mozambique. Every solution that came to my mind was too small in scope to apply to the widespread problems in Mozambique. Establishing an Organization that isnt designed to make a profit was a pretty new concept to me. It was nice to think abstractly and offer something to people who are in need. As I progressed I realized that with careful disbursement of funds, and dedicated people, the state of the country could be improved. Though the idea of a Non-Profit organization to repair the country is great, the problems are sunken deep into the foundation of Mozambique. Dumping money into the situation is not always useful; Mozambique needs major reconstruct ...

Pop Culture and Evolution - The Hunger Games

Pop Culture and Evolution - The Hunger Games Evolution is not just a topic for a Biology class in school to cover it is found everywhere. There are many pop culture references and nods to the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection in todays television, books, music, and movies. With The Hunger Games movie breaking box office records, I could not help but jump on the bandwagon and read the trilogy of books written by Suzanne Collins. Beyond a fast paced, edge of your seat thriller, I saw the authors ideas of a future world from an evolution Biologists point of view. The Hunger Games trilogy is set in the future after the collapse and near complete destruction of the world. The country of Panem has arisen from the ashes of what used to be North America and it consists of a Capitol somewhere in the Rocky Mountains, and 12 Districts that supply the affluent Capitol with all of the goods it needs. When the poor Districts tried to rebel, the Capitol took them down and created a yearly spectacle called The Hunger Games that is broadcast live like a reality show. As a reminder that the Capitol has all the power, each District is forced to send one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 that are chosen in a lottery drawing to compete to the death in the Hunger Games arena that is filled with traps and other dangerous creations made by the Capitol for their entertainment. The following paragraphs may contain spoilers if you have not read or seen The Hunger Games or its sequels, and Mockingjay. If you do not want to know details from these books or movies, you may not want to read the rest of this article. Otherwise, lets get into the world of Panem and explore the new species that reside there. The Mockingjay Arguably the most important new species in The Hunger Games trilogy is the mockingjay. These birds came into existence when female mockingbirds mated with the Capitol engineered male jabberjays. We are first introduced to this new species of bird in The Hunger Games book when Madge, the mayors daughter, gives heroine Katniss the gold pin with the mockingjay to wear as her token in the arena (in the movie, the pin is given to Katniss by her sister Prim). There are also mockingjays in the arena where Katniss uses their ability to repeat songs to communicate with her ally Rue. In Catching Fire we see the mockingjay become an increasingly important symbol. Plutarch Heavensbees watch shows a hologram of the bird. Also, before Katniss enters the arena for a second time, she wears a dress created by Cinna that turns her into a mockingjay after the outer layer burns away. Obviously, this new species of bird is the most important in the book entitled Mockingjay. The bird becomes a symbol of rebellion for the Districts, and Katniss finds herself becoming The Mockingjay as the symbolic leader. How did the mockingjay evolve in this fictional world of Panem? The Capitol created a species of bird through artificial selection called the jabberjay. The jabberjay could spy on enemies of the Capitol and repeat conversations word for word back to them. The Capitol could use this information to stop any rebellion attempts. After the rebels in the Districts figured out the scheme, they would feed the birds false information. Therefore the Capitol left the jabberjays, all male, to die in the wild. Instead of dying, the all male jabberjays began mating with female mockingbirds. Speciation occurred and mockingjays were born. Instead of being able to repeat entire conversations, mockingjays would repeat entire songs. These birds helped Katniss communicate with her ally inside the arena and also helped her become a symbol of hope for an entire nation. Tracker Jackers While it is never specified exactly how tracker jackers are created by the Capitol in any of the books, they are described as genetically altered wasps. Once again, the Capitol was manipulating nature and speeding up the evolution of species to do their dirty work. Tracker jackers will attack anyone who disturbs their nest and will follow them like a homing device until they have been stung with a venom that causes severe hallucinations and possibly death. Katniss uses the tracker jackers as a weapon in The Hunger Games when she is stuck in a tree because of the Career Tributes waiting to kill her below. She cuts a branch off the tree that contains a tracker jacker nest and it hits the ground near the Careers, so the tracker jackers attack and run them off, killing some in the process. While tracker jackers are not a product of natural selection, they are an evolutionary offshoot of wasps created through artificial selection. The genetic engineering of the tracker jackers caused a very swift microevolution of the species into a deadly killing machine. Muttations One last type of Capitol created killer is what Suzanne Collins called a muttation. Clearly a play on the word mutation, these can be combinations of just about anything. In the arena, Katniss and Peeta come face to face with muttations that look to be a mix of something like a wolf and their fellow dead tributes. This type of muttation tears the District 2 Tribute Cato to pieces. The book Catching Fire had a new arena that contained muttations that resembled monkeys. However, these monkeys had sharp claws and teeth that could puncture internal organs. When the Tributes make eye contact and quick movements, the monkey muttations attack and even kill the District 6 tribute. In Mockingjay, muttations appear in the form of something that seems to be a human and lizard hybrid down in the sewers of the Capitol. These deadly creatures come after the Sharp Shooter Squad as they make their way to the Presidents mansion. The talon-like claws even tear apart some of the squadron before they can make it out of the sewer alive. Again, these muttations, much like the jabberjays and tracker jackers, were made in a lab somewhere in the Capitol to continue the punishment of the districts of Panem. It isnt specified exactly how they are made, but genetic engineering that lead to microevolution is the most likely explanation. The only way to see into the future is through the eyes of a novelist. It is interesting to see where they believe evolution will take species many years down the road.

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care Essay

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care - Essay Example The Economic factor is one of the key aspects in case of health and social care services. In this regard, Plamping (n.d) claimed that rising cost of the health and social care services leads to certain challenges for patients. However, it is witnessed that governmental authorities have availed financial resources to the health and social care organizations for the betterment of health and social care services. Plamping argued that through incorporating economic as well as cost-effective approach, care organizations could bring changes in health and social care services for the betterment of future. At the same time, the workforce is one of the essential aspects in case of health and social care services. Thus, it is essential for the health and social care organizations to enhance the skills and ability of the workforce for greater effectiveness in future. Apart from this, it can also be claimed that Whitstable Nursing Home (WNH) can reduce the cost of the workforce for improving the ir opportunities in terms of health and social care services. The rising expectation and quality care were driving the need for change. Social and demographic issues can negatively affect the overall performances of the health and social care services. For an instance, it can be argued that an individual’s health-related behavior such as smoking could adversely affect the surrounding and the physical environment. On the other hand, it can be claimed that social and cultural values (Plumbing, n.d.).

I need to fix the essay about early buddhism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I need to fix the about early buddhism - Essay Example Women associates with the deficiencies of this earth described being black, corporeality and contaminated, characteristics attributed to them. The writers condemned the female bodies but according to Nagarjuan the construct of male bodies is no better than female. The author has a conflicting opinion about the negative attitude towards women by citing Buddhist scriptures showing the participation of women in spiritual matter and likewise the Christian writers Tertullian and Irenaeus admitting to women occupying positions in the Gnostic community (Fischer 84). The human suffering is. As a result, eating the earthly fruit. This act ripped the humans of their happiness and joy; humans lost their luminous body thus sexual intercourse bringing about the generation of beasts. In both traditions, the fall of mankind started with eating the earthly food (Gutschow 95). The only way to attain spirituality is by abstaining from sexual acts so as to weaken the ties with the worldly. Sex is associated with suffering by both traditions as it considered impure and defiles the body The scripture recommends celibacy, Buddha left his family so did Jesus urge his disciples to destroy the work of femaleness (Fischer 84). Human beings male and female can achieve the transformation by abstaining from sexual intercourse. Women must cultivate a male mind in order to enter heaven as Mahayana literature puts it. It is not a physical transformation, but a mental transition to spirituality by acquiring insight so as to transform their mentality focused on spiritual attainment (CabezoÃŒ n 103). In the opening of the article, the woman is depicted as an inferior being associated with a lot of negativities but in the conclusion she emerges with a lot of praise from both Buddhist and Gnostic writers as a creative nurturing mother. Thus, men and women in equal measure can achieve

the surreal world :: essays research papers fc

Art comes in many different shapes and sizes. From drawing on a desk in high school to digital art on computers, we don’t notice that art surrounds us everywhere. However, there is one particular art form that is gaining interest throughout the world, and has been around for years. This art form is known as Surrealism. Surrealism is the only form of art that truly lets you express your mind the way you want it to be expressed, with no limits or boundaries. In Surrealism, there is no gravity, words flow like water, objects can fly in the limitless skies, and images can swim. Basically, Surrealism has no rules; it is only the artist and his mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around the early 1900’s, soon after the First World War, a man by the name of Tristan Tzara disliked the idea of war, and was disgusted by what happened and why World War 1 started. Tzara thought that a society that creates such chaos as war does not deserve art. However, his attempt to humiliate the new commercial world did not go the way he planned. His anti-art became art. The new chaotic, rebellious images became the status quo. This was known as the Dada Movement. The Dada movement slowly faded into thin air, as a group of artists thought the Dada Movement destroyed the gift of what centuries of artists have learned and passed on about the craft of art. This is when the Surrealist Movement began.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surrealism, the movement in literature and fine arts, was established by a French poet by the name of Andre Breton. The goal of this movement was to emphasize the unconscious mind in a creative way. It was to express the unconscious mind in a more orderly and serious manner. There are two groups of surrealists that formed throughout this movement. One of the groups is the Automatists. Automatists indulged in a more creative manner, they thought of their art as meaningless. This is not to say they didn’t care about their art, but they simply did not have a definition of what they created. They believed that is was automatic the way images from the subconscious reached the conscious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other group of Surrealist are known as the Veristic Surrealists. The Veristics simply were almost the same as the Automatists. Except, the Veristics saw meaning in their work. The Veristics thought of their artwork as a metaphor for an inner reality. the surreal world :: essays research papers fc Art comes in many different shapes and sizes. From drawing on a desk in high school to digital art on computers, we don’t notice that art surrounds us everywhere. However, there is one particular art form that is gaining interest throughout the world, and has been around for years. This art form is known as Surrealism. Surrealism is the only form of art that truly lets you express your mind the way you want it to be expressed, with no limits or boundaries. In Surrealism, there is no gravity, words flow like water, objects can fly in the limitless skies, and images can swim. Basically, Surrealism has no rules; it is only the artist and his mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around the early 1900’s, soon after the First World War, a man by the name of Tristan Tzara disliked the idea of war, and was disgusted by what happened and why World War 1 started. Tzara thought that a society that creates such chaos as war does not deserve art. However, his attempt to humiliate the new commercial world did not go the way he planned. His anti-art became art. The new chaotic, rebellious images became the status quo. This was known as the Dada Movement. The Dada movement slowly faded into thin air, as a group of artists thought the Dada Movement destroyed the gift of what centuries of artists have learned and passed on about the craft of art. This is when the Surrealist Movement began.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surrealism, the movement in literature and fine arts, was established by a French poet by the name of Andre Breton. The goal of this movement was to emphasize the unconscious mind in a creative way. It was to express the unconscious mind in a more orderly and serious manner. There are two groups of surrealists that formed throughout this movement. One of the groups is the Automatists. Automatists indulged in a more creative manner, they thought of their art as meaningless. This is not to say they didn’t care about their art, but they simply did not have a definition of what they created. They believed that is was automatic the way images from the subconscious reached the conscious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other group of Surrealist are known as the Veristic Surrealists. The Veristics simply were almost the same as the Automatists. Except, the Veristics saw meaning in their work. The Veristics thought of their artwork as a metaphor for an inner reality.

Cmi 5002

CMI LEVEL 5 UNIT 5002 Assignment [pic] Simon Butterfield Table of contents Sectionpage number Introduction3 Be able to identify and select sources of data and information4-5 What is information? 4 Be able to analyse and present information to support decision making6-9 What is Decision Making6 Decision making styles6 Decision making model6 Group Decision Making8 Risks to Group Decision Making8 Decision making tools9 Be able to communicate the results of information analysis and decisions 10-13 Dangers and Barriers11 Methods of Communication11 Improving Communication12 Chairing Meetings13 Reasons for Ineffective Meetings13 Meetings I Attend13 Difficult People14 Negotiation14 Do’s and Don’ts of Negotiation14 Closing Statement15 Bibliography15 Introduction The following report is going to explain about decision making in my workplace, it is going to be split into 3 major bodies. Identifying information, analyse the information and communicate the results. Decision making can take time for some decisions to be made, others will take no time at all as we make them every day, unknown to us, every minute of every day we are making management decisions without knowing it. We are going to concentrate on larger decisions to be made, not every day issues, Decision making is all about gathering information, anlysing it, understanding the pros and cons of each path to be taken and deciding which to take to get where you need to go, some steps are easier if shared with others within the team. Be able to identify and select sources of data and information What is information? According to your dictionary online (http://www. yourdictionary. com/data), data can be defined as facts or figures to be processed; evidence, records, statistics, etc. rom which conclusions can be inferred and information in a form suitable for storing and processing by a computer. Data is basically statistics based on information. Data only becomes information when it is processed to be meaningful, processed for a reason and understood by the recipient. Within my establishment I have various possibilities of which information is gained, Most of the information I need to make a decisio n is available fairly easily, this is available on the internet within BAE systems. Lets take a scenario – my team has a bank of pipes to fit within the pressure hull of the submarine. The information needed is from isometric and arrangement drawings that show were in the correct place these pipes will go, the drawings are available from DIPS a section that issues all drawings to BAE personnel. There are two types of drawings one is an arrangement and there are isometrics. Arrangement drawings give most of information needed to install the pipes, like how they joint together e. g. lange, weld or screwed fittings ETC, it also shows which pipes connect to each other, within the backing sheets the information given is the corporate part numbers of all identified fittings and things needed to fit the system. The isometrics show each pipe separately, showing the pipes dimensions, bend data and datum’s giving exact information to the individual pipe. All this information is just the first part of info needed to fit the system, as well as these drawings, othe r information is needed, process instructions on how the best practice to set a pipe up for welding, clipping a grade 1 pipe system ECT. This information is also gained from the internet, from a part called the process library. This information is used to do the job as that is the way it should be done and there is no deviation from this, it should be followed to the letter to get it the job done right. As well as the process instructions, as a technical team we have to use standards, thease are from standards of fitting clips down to standards of shock clearance. Some are written and some are Pictorial see below [pic] All of the information needed is on the BAE internet. All the standards and process instructions are freely available, for everyone to use. To do the scenario as mentioned at the beginning, all of the above information is selected and used as it is part of the process flow and what is needed to do the job correctly. The drawings that are received from DIPS are subject to different classifications, most if not all are restricted due to there content, every employee has signed the official secrets act before being employed within BAE submarine solutions and know that thease are to stay within the company and not to be distributed to outside sources. Once thease drawings have been used they need to go back to the place of issue to be disposed of in the correct way. Be able to analyse and present information to support decision making What is Decision Making? Decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among variations. Every decision making process produces a final choice (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Decision_making). Good decision making is an essential skill for career success generally. If you can learn to make timely and well-considered decisions, then you can often earn well-deserved success. However, if you make poor decisions you are more likely to be in trouble and not asked again. Decision making styles There are 3 main decision making styles which include the following: 1. Autocratic – decisions made predominantly by the manager 2. Democratic – decisions based on discussions by the manager and others involved 3. Participative – these are decisions made predominantly by those Below is a decision making model showing steps to be taken [pic] Step 1: Identify the decision to be made. You realize that a decision must be made. You then go through an internal process of trying to define clearly the nature of the decision you must make. This first step is a very important one Step 2: Gather relevant information. Most decisions require collecting pertinent information. The real trick in this step is to know what information is needed, the best sources of this information, and how to go about getting it. Some information must be sought from within yourself through a process of self-assessment; other information must be sought from outside yourself-from books, people, and a variety of other sources. This step, therefore, involves both internal and external â€Å"work†. Step 3: Identify alternatives. Through the process of collecting information you will probably identify several possible paths of action, or alternatives. You may also use your imagination and information to construct new alternatives. In this step of the decision-making process, you will list all possible and desirable alternatives Step 4: Weigh evidence. In this step, you draw on your information and emotions to imagine what it would be like if you carried out each of the alternatives to the end. You must evaluate whether the need identified in Step 1 would be helped or solved through the use of each alternative. In going through this difficult internal process, you begin to favour certain alternatives which appear to have higher potential for reaching your goal. Eventually you are able to place the alternatives in priority order, based upon your own value system. Step 5: Choose among alternatives. Once you have weighed all the evidence, you are ready to select the alternative which seems to be best suited to you. You may even choose a combination of alternatives. Your choice in Step 5 may very likely be the same or similar to the alternative you placed at the top of your list at the end of Step 4 Step 6: Take action. You now take some positive action which begins to implement the alternative you chose in Step 5 Step 7: Review decision and consequences. In the last step you experience the results of your decision and evaluate whether or not it has â€Å"solved† the need you identified in Step 1. If it has, you may stay with this decision for some period of time. If the decision has not resolved the identified need, you may repeat certain steps of the process in order to make a new decision. You may, for example, gather more detailed or somewhat different information or discover additional alternatives on which to base your decision Group Decision Making The benefits and problems with group decision making below: Benefits |Problems | |Pooling ideas together |Conflict could arise through disagreement | |Covering all eventualities |Too many options on offer | |Improving the likelihood of acceptance at |Decisions could be slowed down | |high levels as the whole team have | | |agreed | | |Ability to build on various suggestions |Accountability as no one person is | | |responsible | |Prevent rushing into decisions that may | | |be regretted later | | |Give more scope for creativity | | An example of group decision making, would be in my IWT (integrated work team) meeting, if an issue came up regarding a piece of work within the plan that can’t be fit, we, as a team would talk about it, planners team leaders and myself would make a group decision weather to move it to the right in the plan, split it up or add some more kit to the activity. Risks to Group Decision Making Some managers find it difficult to make decisions, especially if there is a high level of risk involved in them. Some risks are as follows: †¢ Making unpopular decisions or getting it wrong can leave you open to criticism by others †¢ Getting it wrong causes other problems for some people because they like to be liked by their colleagues. †¢ Some decisions will have a financial penalty such as going over budget or losing money. To minimize risk you need to gather information that may give you some indication of what might go wrong. The riskier the decisions the more information required. Main Risk |Minimising Risks | |Something will prevent you implementing |Get quality information on which to base | |your decision |your decision | |The risk that your decision will not |Be rigorous with your decisions making | |produce the effects you expect | | | |Always have a contingency plan | | |Don’t introduce risks by delaying the | | |implementation of your decision | Decision making tools In order to make effective decisions there are some tools and techniques that may help. Some decisions making tools I use include the following: †¢ Brainstorming – this helps generate lots of ideas. †¢ Mind Mapping – this is a tool I use after I have carried out a brain storm. It is on the mind map I can organise my ideas better and allow structure to decision. These tools are good when we need to do something different, as most of our work is mapped out for us a shown on page 4, when we have a challenging decision to make brain storming is useful to get ideas down and evaluate each one separately finding its advantages and disadvantages. Be able to communicate the results of information analysis and decisions In business no matter how hard people try there are always barriers that can prevent us from communicating effectively. Organisations that fail to do well often suggest that their failure is due to the inability to working around the barriers. Communication is so important in business and all barriers should try to be worked around to ensure an effective, efficient business. To communicate affectively the language should be understandable to the receiver and in a format that is easy to translate. Information should only be transmitted to those who really need in and at a time that would be most useful. Communication is the sharing between groups of two or more people to reach a common understanding. Communication involves making sure you communicate clearly so others understand your ideas, suggestions, instructions and requests. Communication allows the following: †¢ Understanding your work situation †¢ Quickly making decisions and solving problems †¢ Respond to situations as they change †¢ Improve relationships between others The model shown below is illustrates effective communication: Sender – this is the person or group wishing to share information †¢ Message – the information that a sender wants to share †¢ Encoding – translating a message into understandable symbols or language †¢ Noise â€⠀œ anything that hampers any stage of the communication process †¢ Receiver – the person or group for which a message is intended †¢ Medium – the pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver †¢ Decoding – interpreting and trying to make sense of a message [pic] [pic] Dangers and Barriers Some experts claim that people like to spend 85% of your time engaged in some form of communication and that ineffective communication damages organisational performance. There are many barriers to communication which include: †¢ Noise 13 †¢ Assuming the receiver has the information †¢ Assuming the receiver understands the message †¢ The receiver assuming that the sender meant rather than checking †¢ The receiver deliberately misinterprets the message because they do not like its content The sender deliberately sends a misleading message Communication within BAE tends to contain jargon. Jargon is words or abbreviat ions that are rarely understood by people that aren’t familiar with or that are new to the company. E mails tend to be sent around camp that are cascades of information from the senior management team to the supervisors and then to everyone else. Some of the information contained in the e mails have abbreviations that not everyone understands or that aren’t explained properly. Trust is so important within BAE. It is difficult to communicate with a person if you feel you can’t trust them especially if the information is sensitive. The senior management team sometimes have very strong views and ideas about certain aspects of the business. This can become problematic if they chose not to listen to the thoughts of people working on the next level. By not listening and taking things on board this may cause a bit of tension and unhappiness within the work force. Methods of Communication Spoken methods of communication involve people actually speaking and often supplies you with an instant response. In some circumstances it is possible to see the person you are communication with for example in a meeting. The most common methods of spoken communication I use at work and their advantages and disadvantages are detailed in the table below. Verbal Method |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Telephone |I can talk to someone |Unfortunately on the phone | | |directly and get an answer |the person needs to be at | | |right away. |their desk to take the call I can’t see the | | | |person’s | | | |face when I tal k to them. | | | I can’t gauge their body | | | |language and facial expressions. | |Meetings |Allows me to provide |I need to be chairing the | | |information to a few |meeting to ensure I get | | |people at the same time |what I need from the | | |rather than individually |meeting | | |which saves time. It people to discuss the |Lack of attendance by key | | |information together in an |players can hold up the | | |open forum |decision making process | | |Decisions can be made by |Meeting can over run | | |more than one person |which means decisions | | | |may be rushed. |Face to Face |This gives me both verbal |I need to locate the person | | |and non verbal feedback |before I can talk to them | | |immediately |The person may allow | | |I can get undivided |themselves to be side | | |attention from the person |tracked by other things if it | | |There is no details of what |is not a formal meeting | | |happened when the face | | | |to face discussion took | | | |place. | | Improving Communication Ways in which we can improve communication between each other are: †¢ To improve the detail and content in information sent out so that people don’t get confused and understand the information correctly †¢ Ask people in meetings as things come up if they are all happy and understand Improve working relationships with line managers so that a trust can be built †¢ Listen to and discuss issues and problems with the senior management team †¢ Encourage feedback to the senior management team by all staff Chairing Meetings What are meetings? According to the online dictionary, meetings can be defined as an assembly or gathering of people, as for a business, social, or religious purpose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Meetings There are many advantages and disadvantages to meetings, which are outline below: |Advantages |Disadvantages | |You an get ideas and exchange information with lots of people at |Wasting valuable time that could be used | |once |better elsewhere | |You can make decisions |Costing a lot of money to get people together | |People can join in |A way of managers avoiding difficult | | |decisions | |You can get to know people better |Assign to already overworked people | |You can get people to work together | | | You can promote team spirit | | Reasons for Ineffective Meetings Meeting are often considered to be ineffective for the following reasons: †¢ No agenda is produced so people don’t really know what is going †¢ This tends to lead to meetings running over time †¢ People are often unprepared †¢ Nothing particularly interesting gets decided upon Meetings I Attend The meetings I attend are: IWT – this is where I chair the meeting to look forward into the plan to iron out any issues within my team, there is a wide variety of personnel there from planners, team leaders, engineering, materials and projects, from this meeting people will get issued with actions for them to fulfill. 3-4 BUTT meeting – this is chaired by my area manager to discuss our next milestone when we combine unit 3 to unit 4 of the submarine, we discuss issues that arise and that may impact on not doing our planned work. Difficult People If there is someone that has an issue that has arisen from the meeting that isn’t specific but they want to talk about it there and then I ask them to talk to me off line because it isn’t relevant to all at the meeting. By doing this I can stick to my agenda timings so as not to overrun. If one or two people star arguing about something I ask simply say we are wasting time and ask a new question to someone else in the meeting to change focus. Negotiation The process of negotiation has traditionally been described as hard bargaining and often is based on hidden agendas and power struggles. These days there is a partnership approach based on understanding and trust with the objective of obtaining a win-win situation where both parties are satisfied. In order to negotiate successfully, the very first thing to do is write down a plan or an agenda with clear objectives but be aware that negotiations rarely follow to plan. Other things to consider are: How you might react to the other parties’ arguments †¢ Have an ideal outcome or position †¢ Make sure that there is a trustworthy atmosphere – this just helps †¢ Ensure the relevant people are there Do’s and Don’ts of Negotiation |Do’s |Don’ts | |Start with friendly introductions |Interrupt the other person | |Listen actively |Reveal your walkway position | |Be prepared to ompromise |Talk too much or too little | |Be prepared to take a break |Make it personal | |Talk solutions not problems |Ignore the other person’s point of view | |Ask open questions |Be afraid to walk away | |Change the package not the price |Accept something you will regret later | Closing Statement There a many ways to gain information make decisions on it and then communicate it out, a couple of easy ways is to – gain all information facts and figures, get as many people to decide who and what is relevant and communicate it in the most sutible form as possible so everyone can understand what decision has been made or being communicated. Bibliography Online Dictionary http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Decision_making http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/RightsAndResponsibilities/DG_10028507 Cmi 5002 1. Understanding the links and differences between management and leadership 1. 1 Discuss the concept of leaders as effective managers Leadership and management go hand in hand but is not the same thing, but are linked and compliment each other. There has been debate about the difference between leadership and management. With some believing there is no distinction, while others that they should be separated in two defined roles. A common definition is: Management is about the day to day running of a function and getting the right people and resources in the right place with a focus upon implementation.Leadership is about creating a vision for that function and gaining peoples commitment by strategic direction. (NHSBT 5013 Workshop booklet) Effective management deals with resources, finances, time management and the coordination and control over these elements. Managers set goals and focus on reaching their targets. Have good organizational skills and will place people in roles to ge t the job the task complete. Have detailed planning taking into account adverse events that could prevent them completing task or achieving target. If the outcome gives worse results than expected an effective manager will look to provide a solution.Effective leadership deals with the people their opinions, behaviour and attitude. They will inspire and engage people to follow them and vision. Focus is on building relationships with people around them, can be an effective part of team and lead it at the same. Effective leaders teach others, learn themselves and are able to admit mistakes righting wrongs and apologising quickly. They can adapt to issues and problems if they arise, confronting reality and issues head on. Leaders will develop trust and subsequently is able to practise accountability, holding themselves and others accountable along with responsibility for results.How managers and leaders motivate their people to work or follow them is one of the main differences. By defi nition managers have subordinates and have a transactional style. The manager telling them what to do and with reward staff will do as asked. Where as leaders have followers, and following is voluntary. Managers plan details, focus on objectives, targets and managing the work. Manager tells and looks for and wants results, leader sells the idea or vision looking for achievement. With managers result focused, short term results can be high.However longer term, without development, motivated and inspired staff there will be a lack of innovation. Ultimately the team or organisation will be static and their performance will never excel. An example of this from NHSBT: 2008 new systems and processes were implemented with limited input from users (shop floor). Results improved for a short term. However there was no continuous improvement, development, innovation or feeling of ownership. Staff and donor (customer) satisfaction, motivation dropped with targets and objectives not reached.Alte rnatively without a management style or focus, day to day performance and results can suffer with only longer term vision strategy focused upon. 1. 2 Discuss the concept of leaders as effective managers Leadership fundamentals: †¢Have a clear vision or purpose of the future †¢Lead through the change to reach that vision †¢Shows commitment, loyalty and enthusiasm for the organisation. And is able to generate these same qualities in their people. †¢Listens to their people †¢Empowers staff and creates confidence for them to perform their role but also for them to explore how to perform better.Majority of leaders in organisations are also in managerial roles. Having an understanding and being able to perform aspects of both roles can be advantageous as managers and supervisors need leadership abilities. Managerial style is good for task achievement, setting goals, focusing on the processes. For this reason, managers to be successful leaders would have to develop a style that is not natural for them. Moving from transactional to situational style, using supportive behaviour, knowing the team and staff motivators.If managers cannot adapt a leadership style when required then staff will become unengaged and have low morale. Not recognising their own role in the organisation or the vision of organisation and where it wants to be. Managers are often seen as risk-averse and opportunities can be missed. Leaders will not rule out opportunities because of barriers and will consider risks to overcome these barriers and get things done. It is seen as easier to acquire managerial skills as they are based on processes and real situations that can be seen. Leadership skills require development of personal qualities which can be hard to quantify.An effective manager is respected for the role they play but an effective leader is often remembered long after they or their people are no longer in their roles. 1. 3 Evaluate the balance needed between the dema nds of management and the demands of leadership. Have a clear focus on vision and aims. Understand where the organisation/team is and wants to be. Evaluate what needs to change i. e. NHSBT efficiency with cost of blood unit to hospitals need to be reduced. Could the change be in the culture of the team or of the organisation? Analysis if the organisation, team or people are currently in the position to adapt to change.Do they have the commitment, motivation and drive. PESTLE analysis is a tool that can be used to help evaluate the demands of management and leadership needed for the organisation. Help to make decisions and understand the wider environment in which they operate. By understanding these environments it is possible maximise opportunities and minimise risks. PESTLE stands for – Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, and Environmental. Using this tool as part of decision making process helps to evaluate styles required, for example: Persuasion â₠¬â€œ Tell or Sell Commitment or ControlProactive or Reactive Approach – Sets direction or plans details Achievement or results Knowing yourself, people, organisation and factors that influence the task, team or individual will enable the correct balance to be made. An organisation requires both effective management and effective leadership to be successful, this can be difficult to find, but these attributes can sometimes be found in the same person. 2. Understand leadership principles that support organisational values. 2. 1Evaluate the role of the leader in contributing to the creation of the organisation’s vision, and in its communication to others.A leader has a vision or has same beliefs in meeting the organisations vision. Has the drive and commitment to move their vision forward despite often encountering barriers. Has integrity and inspires trust in that their people follow as they believe it is the right thing to do. A leader innovates, develops, positively en couraging people to do it right and better. Leader will understand and be clear on the vision. Understands where organisation and people are. Considers capabilities and realism, especially with resources such as people time and finances.Leader can use Situational Leadership style (Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership model), developing people or organisation through stages depending on starting point and maturity (S1 immature through to S4 maturity). (Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership model), S1 – Directing telling S2 – Selling S3 – Participating S4 – Delegating Communicating the vision, the leader will enthuse their people to work towards the goal. Will listen and consult, conveying their ideas, but also encouraging ideas and innovation. Review and revise if required on a regular basis to check understanding.Will tailor communications and actions as they understand people and their motivators. Motivate all to contribute, encourage and su pport to achieve their best and deliver results with continuous improvement. 2. 2Evaluate how personal energy, self –belief and commitment impact on leadership styles Personal energy – Channelled correctly into motivating and being enthusiastic about the vision. Can lead by example with this positive energy. Energy helps with the inner drive to reach goals and a determination to overcome barriers. If not channelled correctly can be seen as stressful (nervous energy).Balance required so the leader can be seen as driven but calm and considered, evaluating and listening to staff. Personal energy, commitment and self belief enable leaders to tackle issues that others may not see or want to tackle themselves. Self belief, commitment and inner drive gives and shows the strength and perseverance that they will and can move vision forward. Communicate this self belief so people follow because they believe it is the right thing to do and not ego driven. Self belief needs to sho w confidence in self and organisation but with humility so not seen as arrogance without chance of compromise or willingness to listen.Self belief often shows an honesty, allowing people to see where the leaders stands. Commitment and resilience to persevere, commitment should be realistic but unrelenting. Keep commitments, say what you are are going to do, then do what you have said will be done. Self belief and commitment allows a leader to be own person and to do the right thing. A leader will also encourage their people to be their self, develop self and their ideas. 2. 3Identify how empowerment and trust through ethical leadership impact on organisational practice.Ethical leadership – organisation to balance its vision/purpose with needs and feelings of staff, customers, suppliers, stakeholders and local communities. Responsibility for environment be it through sustainability, wildlife, natural resources, culture, heritage, fair trade. Acting with and showing integrity a nd transparency. Organisation needs to consult with these groups, giving them influence and empowerment in direction of organisation. Modern times, society and opinion has changed where public not only demand a high quality service but also ethical principles.Leaders, along with traditional business aims, need to create a framework of trust to the general public. Organisations cannot be seen as disreputable (i. e. , banking crisis), unfair to suppliers, lack of care or responsibility to staff. Leaders need to understand altruistic reasons – we do good things, so to shop or use our services is a good thing. This understanding helps to shape policies and strategy. Leaders should demonstrate respect, care and show that they care for others (be they staff, customers, suppliers or other stakeholders). Showing dignity to people and all roles.Ethical leadership can create transparency for an organisation, telling the truth in a way so people can easily understand and nurture a cultu re of being open and authentic. 3. Be able to understand and apply leadership styles to achieve organisational objectives. 3. 1 Distinguish between two different leadership styles The approach using Hersey and Blanchard (as seen in 2. 1) situational leadership styles model, is that there are four main leadership styles: †¢Directing †¢Coaching †¢Supporting †¢Delegating Situational leadership is choosing the right style for the right people.Not just using one style but changing to suit maturity of people and team and the situation. Directing (Telling) Style This is generally one-way communication from the leader. Telling exactly what is to be done by individuals, how to do it , where to do it and why they should do it. This style centres on getting the task done. Delegating The leader is still involved with decisions, but responsibilities and processes are handed to team and individuals. The leader will monitor and evaluate progress. Style centres on the people/tea m and development to work independently.Both styles are effective in used in the correct situation and with the right people: Directing style is often used with new staff or teams, they may lack all skills required and are unable to take responsibility for the task. However they are willing and enthusiastic to work at task. Delegating – As people or team become experienced and able to do the task. They become comfortable in their own ability to perform role well. They are then also able to take responsibility for this task. 3. 2 Assess the practical value of a leadership style to a manager in chieving organisational objectives Leadership style has a direct impact on organisation and its success. Leaders shape the culture, values and motivation within organisation. A leader does not have to be at the top of the organisation with leadership styles and qualities able to seen throughout. Successful leaders no matter what level all have one thing in common. They influence those ar ound them to gain maximum benefits from their resources. Important not to limit or restrict leadership style, being able to adapt styles to where your staff, team, organisation are, is key. 60 feedback is an excellent tool to help understand where you are and any development needs they may want to strengthen. Strengthening links between leaders/managers and staff. Helping to improve understanding of staff/team needs and their perception of their leader/manager. A self awareness to understand yourself and how you react to people and how they react to you is required. Some individuals will thrive on being given targets and tasks, while others may require the metaphorical, arm around them to feel supported.Developing self and people will give empowerment, higher motivation and innovation, creating engagement through listening and consultation. Questioning style allows staff to find and be guided to find own solutions. Play to strengths while looking to work on and improve weaknesses. A leader using a transformational style will look to change those they lead. This style does not simply use personality (charismatic) or reward and bargaining (transactional) to persuade people. Transformational style will use knowledge, expertise and a vision to engage with followers and gain buy in from followers that often remains long after the leader has left.Transformational leadership style allows followers to develop, change and to adapt. This embeds a culture of staff looking to innovate and change, allowing the organisation to be prepared and unfazed to any future changes, adapting as the social environment changes. 3. 3 Discuss situational variables likely to influence the choice of a leadership style A leadership style required can be determined by variables other than the maturity of staff, team or organisation. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, Environmental) is often used to evaluate the organisation’s environmental influe nces.It is then possible to audit the current environment and expected future changes, putting the organisation in a strong position to adapt to change or looking at taking advantages over competitors. To make decisions and plan for the future, organisations need to understand the environments in which they operate. By understanding these environments it is possible to maximise opportunities and minimise any threats to the organisation. Understanding the risks associated with the market they are operating in, its growth or decline and the need for the product or service.Leaders can then evaluate potential and direction of organisation. An example recently of where leadership and not adapting or taking a leadership style within an organisation, has failed is Jessop’s. By not adapting (using a transformational or Situational style) and understanding changes in the differing environments and factors around them. They failed to change and develop, too many high street shops with overheads and failed to take advantage of on line services which its competitors had done (Technology).Timescales in which task or objectives are required to be met will also impact on leadership a style. A quick implementation or turn around may generally require a more directing approach to meet a short term goal. Where as a long term strategic change will require an engaging leadership style. Inspiring others to follow and buy into the vision and making this a shared vision, supporting and developing individuals while also consulting and evaluating progress, moving forward together.